Enter any two values in the Problem Solver panel. The result is
shown with a simple interactive simulation and Ohm's Law.
V = I × R
Voltage (V)6.0 V
Resistance (R)10.0 Ω
Current (I)0.600 A
Interactive Simulation ViewV = I × R
Voltage PushV
More voltage means stronger push across the circuit.
Resistance BlockR
More resistance means stronger opposition.
Current ResultI
Current changes based on voltage and resistance.
Enter values to see how voltage, resistance, and current connect
in the formula.
💡 Simulation Explanation & Formula Steps
Select a variable to find and enter the other two values. The
simulation bars will show voltage push, resistance opposition, and
current result.
R = V / I gives resistance.
V = I × R gives voltage.
I = V / R gives current.
💡 Experiment Help Guide
🔌 How to Wire the Circuit
Connect all components in series, except the Voltmeter which always goes in
parallel across the Resistance Wire.
🖱️ How to Connect WiresPress and drag from any colored terminal circle to another terminal circle. Release to connect. Click any wire to remove it.
⚡ Ammeter — Always in SERIESThe Ammeter must be in the main current path (series). You can place it anywhere in the series chain — before or after the Rheostat, Switch, or Wire. Never connect it in parallel — that creates a short circuit!
📏 Voltmeter — Always in PARALLELConnect Voltmeter (+) → Wire S1 and Voltmeter (−) → Wire S2 so it sits across the resistance wire. Never connect it in series — its very high resistance (MΩ) would block all current!
💡 The Voltmeter always goes in parallel across Wire S1–S2 in every arrangement.
💡 Stuck? Use the Faint HintEnable "Show faint connection hint" in the Circuit Controls panel to see dashed guide lines for the standard arrangement.
📋 Step-by-Step Laboratory Procedure
1. Connect Wires (Standard Arrangement):
Battery (+) (Red) → Switch K1
Switch K2 → Ammeter (+) (Red)
Ammeter (−) (Black) → Rheostat Rh1
Rheostat Rh2 → Resistance Wire S1
Resistance Wire S2 → Battery (−) (Black)
Voltmeter (+) (Red) → Wire S1 (Parallel)
Voltmeter (−) (Black) → Wire S2 (Parallel)
✅ Tip: The Ammeter can also go after Rheostat, after Wire S2, or before Switch — all arrangements are accepted!
2. Power On the Circuit
Check the "Close switch / key" toggle to close the switch and power the circuit. The status box will confirm the circuit is correctly wired before allowing readings.
3. Take Observations
Click "Show Result" to see live ammeter and voltmeter readings. Adjust the Rheostat slider to change resistance and record readings in the results table. Verify Ohm's Law: R = V / I.
4. Stay Within Safe Limits
Keep Battery Voltage ≤ 12 V, Rheostat ≤ 100 Ω, Wire Length ≤ 100 cm, Wire Diameter ≤ 1 mm to avoid overloading the circuit.
⚠️ Common Wiring Mistakes & Their Effects
The simulator shows the real physical effect of incorrect connections. Learn what happens and why:
🔴 Ammeter in Parallel (Short Circuit)If you connect Ammeter (+) → Wire S1 and Ammeter (−) → Wire S2, the ammeter is in parallel. Since ammeters have near-zero internal resistance, this creates a short circuit.
🟠 Voltmeter in Series (No Current)If you connect Voltmeter into the main series path (e.g., Battery+ → Voltmeter+), its extremely high internal resistance (MΩ) blocks almost all current from flowing.
📊 Effect shown: Ammeter reads ~0 A, Voltmeter shows ≈ full battery voltage across itself. Switch must be ON to see the effect.
⚡ Direct Short CircuitConnecting Battery+ directly to Wire S1 and Battery− to Wire S2 (bypassing Switch and Rheostat) creates a direct short. Massive current flows with no protection — wires melt instantly.
📊 Effect shown: Status shows ⚡ DANGER (red). Clicking "Show Result" with switch ON triggers immediate wire burnout.
💡 Voltmeter Across Battery (EMF Reading)If you connect Voltmeter+ → Battery+ and Voltmeter− → Battery− (with nothing else wired), the voltmeter still shows the battery's EMF voltage! This is because the battery pushes voltage even without a complete circuit.
📊 Effect shown: Voltmeter display shows battery voltage (e.g. 3.000 V EMF), Ammeter shows 0 A.
⚠️ Only One Terminal ConnectedIf only one terminal of the Ammeter or Voltmeter is wired, the status box will tell you which terminal is missing and what to do next. Always connect BOTH + and − terminals of each instrument.
📖 Theory & Formulas
Ohm's Law states that the current (I) passing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the potential difference (V) across its ends, at constant temperature:
V = I × R ⇒ R = V / I
Factors increasing
Resistance:
Longer wires
Thinner wires (small diameter)
Metals with high resistivity (e.g. Nichrome)
Factors decreasing
Resistance:
Shorter wires
Thicker wires (large diameter)
Metals with low resistivity (e.g. Silver/Copper)
📝 How to Calculate
Resistance:
Read Voltage (V) from the voltmeter.
Read Current (I) from the ammeter.
Apply: R = V / I. E.g. 3.0 V / 0.3 A = 10.0 Ω.
🎯 Test Yourself Challenge Guide
In Challenge mode, you must construct the circuit and adjust battery, rheostat, and wire parameters to hit
the target values:
🎯
Match
TargetsLook at the targets on the left
(Voltage, Current, or Resistance) and tune configurations until you match them.
🛠️
Validate
AnswersClick "Submit &
Validate" to check your results. When correct, you will see confetti and a success
badge!
🧮 Problem Solver Guide
The upgraded Problem Solver handles Class 9-10 exam scenarios across 8 distinct categories. Here is a summary of capabilities:
Category
Problem Types Covered
Core Formulas
1. Basic Ohm's Law
Find V, I, or R given the other two parameters.
V = I × R
2. Series Resistors
Equivalent resistance (2 or 3 resistors), current & voltage drops, or finding an unknown series resistor.
R_eq = R1 + R2 + ...
3. Parallel Resistors
Equivalent resistance (2 or 3 resistors), current sharing branches, or finding an unknown parallel resistor.
1/R_eq = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...
4. Electrical Power
Determine P from V, I, or R, or backtrack to find current or resistance.
P = V×I = I²R = V²/R
5. Energy & Cost
Calculate work done (Joules/kWh), operating time, and commercial electricity billing costs.
W = P × t
6. Resistivity
Solve for material resistivity ρ, resistance, wire length, or cross-sectional area.
R = ρ × L / A
7. Battery / EMF
Cells in series/parallel, battery internal resistance, and terminal voltage drops.
V_term = E - I × r
8. Unit Converter
Helper converting mA ↔ A, kΩ ↔ Ω, MΩ ↔ Ω, kWh ↔ J.
Unit Multipliers
📋 Shared URL ProblemWhen loading a problem from a shared link, the values are auto-filled and the input controls are locked. Simply click "Calculate & Show Steps" to see the full derivation and explanation!
⚙️ Try Own Problem (Custom Calculations)Toggle the "Try Own Problem" switch ON at the top of the panel to unlock all controls. You can select any category, fill in parameters, and click calculate!
💥 Circuit Burnout Alert!
🔥
The wire has melted and snapped!
Please adjust the sliders to safe values and click
Reset Wires to repair and rebuild the circuit.